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What is CNC Machining? | Definition, Processes, Components & More
What is CNC Machining?
CNC 101: The term CNC stands for 'computer numerical control', and the CNC Vertical
Machining Center definition is that it is a subtractive
manufacturing process that typically employs computerized controls and machine tools to remove layers of material from a
stock piece—known as the blank or workpiece—and produces a custom-designed part. This process is suitable for a wide range
of materials, including metals, plastics, wood, glass, foam, and composites, and finds application in a variety of
industries, such as large CNC machining, machining of parts and prototypes for telecommunications, and CNC machining
aerospace parts, which require tighter tolerances than other industries. Note there is a difference between the CNC machining
definition and the CNC machine definition- one is a process and the other is a machine. A CNC
Lathe (sometimes incorrectly referred to as a C and C machine) is a programmable machine
that is capable of autonomously performing the operations of CNC machining.
Subtractive manufacturing processes, such as CNC machining, are often presented in contrast to additive manufacturing
processes, such as 3D printing, or formative manufacturing processes, such as liquid injection molding. While subtractive
processes remove layers of material from the workpiece to produce custom shapes and designs, additive processes assemble
layers of material to produce the desired form and formative processes deform and displace stock material into the desired
shape. The automated nature of CNC machining enables the production of high precision and high accuracy, simple parts and
cost-effectiveness when fulfilling one-off and medium-volume production runs. However, while CNC machining demonstrates
certain advantages over other manufacturing processes, the degree of complexity and intricacy attainable for part design and
the cost-effectiveness of producing complex parts is limited.
Overview of CNC Machining Process
Evolving from the numerical control (NC) machining process which utilized punched tape cards, CNC machining is a
manufacturing process which utilizes computerized controls to operate and manipulate machine and cutting tools to shape stock
material—e.g., metal, plastic, wood, foam, composite, etc.—into custom parts and designs. While the
CNC Compound Machining Center process offers
various capabilities and operations, the fundamental principles of the process remain largely the same throughout all of
them. The basic CNC machining process includes the following stages:
Designing the CAD model
Converting the CAD file to a CNC program
Preparing the CNC machine
Executing the machining operation
Types of CNC Machining Operations
CNC Engraving Machine is a manufacturing process
suitable for a wide variety of industries, including automotive, aerospace, construction, and agriculture, and able to
produce a range of products, such as automobile frames, surgical equipment, airplane engines, gears, and hand and garden
tools. The process encompasses several different computer-controlled machining operations—including mechanical, chemical,
electrical, and thermal processes—which remove the necessary material from the workpiece to produce a custom-designed part
or product.
What is a CNC Machine? Types of CNC Machines and Machine Tools
Depending on the machining operation being performed, the CNC Tapping
Center process employs a variety of CNC machines and machine tools to produce the custom-designed
part or product. While the equipment may vary in other ways from operation to operation and application to application, the
integration of computer numerical control components and software (as outlined above) remains consistent across all CNC
machining equipment and processes.
The Laser Cutting Machine and Process
Laser cutting is a non-contact, thermal-based fabrication process suitable for metal and non-metal materials. For the
laser cutting process to run smoothly and at optimum capacity, several factors should be taken into consideration, such as
the laser cutting machine’s configuration and settings, the material being cut and its properties, and the type of laser and
assist gas employed.
Overview of Laser Machine Components and Mechanics
In contrast to mechanical cutting, which utilizes cutting tools and power-driven equipment, and waterjet cutting, which
utilizes pressurized water and abrasive material, laser cutting employs a Laser
Machine to produce cuts, engravings, and markings. While laser cutting machines vary from model to model
and application to application, the typical setup includes a laser resonator assembly, mirrors, and a laser cutting head
which contains a laser focusing lens, a pressurized gas assembly, and a nozzle.
What is a Hydraulic Press?
A Hydraulic Press is a mechanical device that uses the
static pressure of a liquid, as defined by Pascal‘s principle, to shape, deform, and configure various types of metals,
plastics, rubber, and wood. The mechanism of a hydraulic press consists of a mainframe, power system, and controls.
Pascal‘s principle states that when pressure is applied to a confined liquid, a pressure change occurs in the liquid.
For a hydraulic press, the pressure in a liquid is applied by a piston that works like a pump to create mechanical force.
How a Hydraulic Press Works
The process of a hydraulic press begins when a hydraulic fluid is forced into a double acting piston. The compressive
force inside the small hydraulic cylinder pushes the fluid into a larger cylinder where more force and pressure are applied.
The movement of the larger piston forces the fluid back into the smaller piston cylinder.
The passage of the fluids between the two pistons creates increased pressure that produces mechanical force to drive the
anvil on a hydraulic press downward onto a workpiece that is deformed to produce a desired shape. Once the movement is
complete, the pressure is released and the anvil returns to its original position.
What is CNC Machining?
CNC 101: The term CNC stands for 'computer numerical control', and the CNC Vertical
Machining Center definition is that it is a subtractive
manufacturing process that typically employs computerized controls and machine tools to remove layers of material from a
stock piece—known as the blank or workpiece—and produces a custom-designed part. This process is suitable for a wide range
of materials, including metals, plastics, wood, glass, foam, and composites, and finds application in a variety of
industries, such as large CNC machining, machining of parts and prototypes for telecommunications, and CNC machining
aerospace parts, which require tighter tolerances than other industries. Note there is a difference between the CNC machining
definition and the CNC machine definition- one is a process and the other is a machine. A CNC
Lathe (sometimes incorrectly referred to as a C and C machine) is a programmable machine
that is capable of autonomously performing the operations of CNC machining.
Subtractive manufacturing processes, such as CNC machining, are often presented in contrast to additive manufacturing
processes, such as 3D printing, or formative manufacturing processes, such as liquid injection molding. While subtractive
processes remove layers of material from the workpiece to produce custom shapes and designs, additive processes assemble
layers of material to produce the desired form and formative processes deform and displace stock material into the desired
shape. The automated nature of CNC machining enables the production of high precision and high accuracy, simple parts and
cost-effectiveness when fulfilling one-off and medium-volume production runs. However, while CNC machining demonstrates
certain advantages over other manufacturing processes, the degree of complexity and intricacy attainable for part design and
the cost-effectiveness of producing complex parts is limited.
Overview of CNC Machining Process
Evolving from the numerical control (NC) machining process which utilized punched tape cards, CNC machining is a
manufacturing process which utilizes computerized controls to operate and manipulate machine and cutting tools to shape stock
material—e.g., metal, plastic, wood, foam, composite, etc.—into custom parts and designs. While the
CNC Compound Machining Center process offers
various capabilities and operations, the fundamental principles of the process remain largely the same throughout all of
them. The basic CNC machining process includes the following stages:
Designing the CAD model
Converting the CAD file to a CNC program
Preparing the CNC machine
Executing the machining operation
Types of CNC Machining Operations
CNC Engraving Machine is a manufacturing process
suitable for a wide variety of industries, including automotive, aerospace, construction, and agriculture, and able to
produce a range of products, such as automobile frames, surgical equipment, airplane engines, gears, and hand and garden
tools. The process encompasses several different computer-controlled machining operations—including mechanical, chemical,
electrical, and thermal processes—which remove the necessary material from the workpiece to produce a custom-designed part
or product.
What is a CNC Machine? Types of CNC Machines and Machine Tools
Depending on the machining operation being performed, the CNC Tapping
Center process employs a variety of CNC machines and machine tools to produce the custom-designed
part or product. While the equipment may vary in other ways from operation to operation and application to application, the
integration of computer numerical control components and software (as outlined above) remains consistent across all CNC
machining equipment and processes.
The Laser Cutting Machine and Process
Laser cutting is a non-contact, thermal-based fabrication process suitable for metal and non-metal materials. For the
laser cutting process to run smoothly and at optimum capacity, several factors should be taken into consideration, such as
the laser cutting machine’s configuration and settings, the material being cut and its properties, and the type of laser and
assist gas employed.
Overview of Laser Machine Components and Mechanics
In contrast to mechanical cutting, which utilizes cutting tools and power-driven equipment, and waterjet cutting, which
utilizes pressurized water and abrasive material, laser cutting employs a Laser
Machine to produce cuts, engravings, and markings. While laser cutting machines vary from model to model
and application to application, the typical setup includes a laser resonator assembly, mirrors, and a laser cutting head
which contains a laser focusing lens, a pressurized gas assembly, and a nozzle.
What is a Hydraulic Press?
A Hydraulic Press is a mechanical device that uses the
static pressure of a liquid, as defined by Pascal‘s principle, to shape, deform, and configure various types of metals,
plastics, rubber, and wood. The mechanism of a hydraulic press consists of a mainframe, power system, and controls.
Pascal‘s principle states that when pressure is applied to a confined liquid, a pressure change occurs in the liquid.
For a hydraulic press, the pressure in a liquid is applied by a piston that works like a pump to create mechanical force.
How a Hydraulic Press Works
The process of a hydraulic press begins when a hydraulic fluid is forced into a double acting piston. The compressive
force inside the small hydraulic cylinder pushes the fluid into a larger cylinder where more force and pressure are applied.
The movement of the larger piston forces the fluid back into the smaller piston cylinder.
The passage of the fluids between the two pistons creates increased pressure that produces mechanical force to drive the
anvil on a hydraulic press downward onto a workpiece that is deformed to produce a desired shape. Once the movement is
complete, the pressure is released and the anvil returns to its original position.